# The Horowitz-Polchinski solution
The Horowitz-Polchinski solution is a classical solution to an effective field theory action of the low energy degrees of freedom that describes the critical behaviour (as temperature approaches the [[0439 Hagedorn transition|Hagedorn]] temperature) of highly excited free strings.
## Refs
- OG: [[1997#Horowitz, Polchinski]]
- all order in $\alpha'$: [[2023#Agia, Jafferis]]
- discussed in [[2021#Chen, Maldacena, Witten]]
## Extensions
- a fluid model for the transition: [[2022#Matsuo]]
- [[2022#Chen]]