# Non-orientable CFT
A 2d CFT can be defined on an arbitrary Riemann surface. It is interesting when the Riemann surface is non-orientable. A Riemann surface is specified by the number of boundaries, the genus, and the number of crosscaps.
A CFT on oriented surfaces with boundaries must satisfy six [[0602 Moore-Seiberg construction|Moore-Seiberg]] consistency relations. If the surface is non-oriented, there are three more:
- crosscap constraint (two bulk operators on $\mathbb{RP}_2$)
- Mobius constraint (one boundary operators on Mobius strip)
- Klein bottle constraint (one bulk operator on Klein bottle)
## Refs
- [[0602 Moore-Seiberg construction|sewing constraints]]
- [[1993#Fioravanti, Pradisi, Sagnotti]]: gives all constraints in picture, but only the crosscap one explicitly
- [[1995#Pradisi, Sagnitti, Stanev (Mar)]]: $SU(2)$, diagonal.
- [[1995#Pradisi, Sagnotti, Stanev (Jun)]]: $SU(2)$, non-diagonal; comments on two ways of looking at the crosscap constraint (solve $X_i$ from $C_{ijk}$ or vice versa)
- Mobius and Klein bottle constraints (implicitly) used in
- [[1990#Bianchi, Sagnotti]]
- [[1991#Bianchi, Sagnotti]]
- [[1991#Bianchi, Pradisi, Sagnotti]]
- [[1992#Bianchi, Pradisi, Sagnotti]]
- reviews
- [[2001#Stanev (Lectures)]]: gives all constraints explicitly for partition functions (no insertions)
- book by Blumenhagen, Lust, and Theisen, Sec.6.7
- universal dynamics
- [[2020#Tsiares]]
- TQFT
- [[2003#Fuchs, Runkel, Schweigert]]
- holographic bulk
- [[2015#Verlinde]]: local bulk states formulated in terms of crosscap states
- [[2016#Maloney, Ross]]: argues to include singular bulk saddles
- [[2016#Nakayama, Ooguri]]: weakly coupled gravity; finds that bulk causality and boundary bootstrap give incompatible superposition structure
- [[2016#Lewkowycz, Turiaci, Verlinde]]: bulk locality, HKLL from crossing, soft theorems
- [[2024#Wei (Z)]]: proposes to include dS branes in the bulk theory; new saddles (with end-of-the-world dS branes) for the non-orientable CFTs
- examples
- [[1994#Petkova, Zuber]]: $sl(2)$ minimal models; determine parity signs
- [[2002#Hikida]]: Liouville theory; argues that the parity $\epsilon_i$ must be $+1$ from consistency of OPE; uses crosscap constraint to find that the solution is a linear combination of two functions, then use Mobius constraint to determine the combination